Cat and dog predation on birds: The importance of indirect predation after bird-window collisions

Predation of free-living birds by cats (Felis silvestris catus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) is one the main urbanization impacts on avifauna worldwide. In addition to direct predation, these pets capture after window collisions, an unexplored human cause avian mortality. this study we (1) estimated number in Argentina, (2) calculated metrics bird predation dogs, (3) analyzed factors that influence probability capturing birds, (4) annual mortality due pet following bird-window collision events. To end, conducted online survey collect information both indirect collisions. We found more than 68% participants had at least dog or cat, these, 45.3% reported having observed case their household. rough rate collisions could reach approximately 6 million Argentina (range = 1–11 birds). Our results show but also represents a considerable source mortality, which requires further attention pursuit solutions.